Healthcare Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Healthcare Communication - Essay Example She was following the rules of gaining information. There was also a conflict of interest regarding the setting. According to HIPAA or the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, 1996 the mode of communication and interaction should be lucid, fast and simple. But in this case the nurse complicated the matter and it appears as a direct violation of HIPPA Title II that denotes AS or Administrative Simplification. (Fletcher, 187) Clearly the responsible parties are the hospital employees including the nurse and the in a way the training institute and the hospital are also responsible. It should be mentioned that the patient parties are also responsible as they could have been more tolerant in this case. As everything was happening in a public place, people were quite aware of the situation. The nurse was not able to demonstrate flexibility and responsiveness as accurately or quickly as she might have if the setting were clear. This led to an unprofessional approach to the situation, which in turn led to it blowing up. Finally, because the nurse was informed a week earlier of the new teachings of consent forms, she felt her battle with the husband and the surgeon both were against professional practice regarded as appropriate at the hospital. Again, she had the dilemma of not being able to show professionalism in the most important setting of her work.

Transforming the Enterprise Essay Example for Free

Transforming the Enterprise Essay Introduction In the transformation of contemporary industrial world aspect of the introduction of business technology hay greatly contributed in the expansion of more sectors within the economies. Organizations have been striving hard to attain the goals due ton the highly competitive standards that have been seen. It is from this reason that the aspect of introducing information technology in the business world has manifested to effective performance on the organizations with the use of the technology (Henry, 1996). The strategic use of IT is now a fundamental issue for every business all around the globe. The successful and competent employment of Information Technology necessitate the arrangement of the IT tactics with the business strategies, an aspect   that was not completed productively in the ancient times with conventional approaches .Information Technology significantly have an effect on the competence of the entire   business. The important issue that evolves in this concept entails how the concept of Information Technology can facilitate the realization of aggressive and tactical benefit for the business. The world is currently undergoing thoughtful changes on political, environmental, and social events factors that suggest that stability is rare (Davis and Davidson, 1991). The one thing that will never change for sure is a change itself. These transformations to our globe transmit challenges and chances in that the changes demand dramatic business transformation in order to control those changes and take advantage of opportunities.    The resources for successive uploads in a more and more aggressive and competitive, global setting are frequently being look at by executives all around the world in order to attain the overall successive objectives and goals of their companies and organization. Conventional obstruction such as currencies, directive, state boundaries are relevant to be moved out perpetually. The disputes and prospect for companies are incredible and innovative changes have to be deployed to achieve these goals. To be able to participate in these surroundings demands the revolution of business such that it is able to meet the standards in the marked and lifting itself to apposition that will guarantee effective success. The implication of the business alteration are prolonged and linked to the placement of business strategies and IT tactics (Morton 1990). Dissimilarity is going down amid small and big businesses in the competitive aggressive sectors in that small organization are now successfully in the competition with big industrial successors. The increasingly alliances flanked by small and large companies are on the rise probably to effectively come yup with strategies that are able to facilitate fast development and attain the overall goals of meeting and satisfying the consumers of the products and services   that are being delivered. Strategic coalition and most of the association support the business through these transformations by the use of join ventures, holdings, and syndicates. Such preparations can create small companies to be perceived and also have a perception of acting as the other big companies (Henry, 1996). This can also make huge companies experience small and close to the market.   The innovative partnerships have greater than before been on the rice to sustain companies as they progress into worldwide markets. The â€Å"triad† realm (consisting of USA, the European group of people centred in Germany and Pacific Rim which based in Japan) identified that the most powerful based on their per capital gross general yield are structure the primary advertiser for each and every one foremost industries. Globalization of the activity shows that the most businesses will have to participate in a borderless environment. Success in global markets demands more flexible business structures and achievement of business and Information Technology alignment. The entire work force is changing from blue collar to knowledge workers an attribute that entails highly skilled, self-disciplined; highly specialized personnel’s who are able to generate massive input in the organization. These employees require more increase of edification hold up with the aptitude to contribute to information, acquaintance and understanding. The majority of business and organisations pay their workforce for what they are acquainted with rather than the total output and power they have invested , a factor that has to be changed in order to meet the overall goals of attaining [perfection. The capacity to change human intellectual capital into service is becoming essential. Management skills are changing the conventional function of a management from those in total control to a leader who encourages guides, enlarge and support the employees by setting goals, priorities, and standards (Davis and Davidson, 1991). The goal of serving the widest range of customers needs with the most cost –effectiveness and responsive way represents new competitive strategies within the business world. One new strategy transforms mass production to mass customization. The Companies that are involved in mass customization are flexible and responsive (Morton, 1991). The technology swiftness will amplify and be overblown by new system connections opportunities when they are able to ensure that each and every association is adhered to. Approaches of evaluating the value of investments using traditional measures such as revenues, breakeven analyses are no longer coping with environment demands. These measures were suitable when customers were less demanding and product change was infrequent however the contemporary customer’s satisfaction, quality, time reduction, and moral of employees, should be very much consider .The aptitude of Information Technology to offer the potential of improved invention diversity, decrease the time, support increasing transaction volume (New York Stock Exchange) are good examples of business values that should be consider (Morton 1990). The functions of IT in altering the business Information Technology encompasses the expand range of equipment (computers, data devices, network and communications devices) and services (help desk, application development) used by business to distribute information and knowledge. It therefore provides strategic value to the business. The all round Support of the managerial communications entailing the authorities of the enterprise, key business processes detailing how functions operates and operational skills enlisting daily support of the staff clearly signify three major areas that entail effective management. Information Technology improves product and service quality, improve customer’s service and bring all the communication patterns within the various partners within the organization into constant communication and agreements. The strategic use of IT makes a powerful impact on business nowadays. By the year 2020, 80 % of business profits will come from the enterprises that is builds the business of information (Davis Davidson).The pioneering submission of Information Technology present instant benefits over competitors in that the capability of having technology itself shift the companies and organizations effectiveness in service delivery to a higher standard. With information flowing freely between nations, citizens are open to the elements of innovative products when they turn out to be available all over. Competitors will become more aware and try to carry out similar, improved strategies. There is no industry or organization which is immune from the opportunity from IT, in that the management must always be familiar with successful and efficient tactical management which can be consequent and executed only in the course of the partnership of the production and IT. The association of IT with the business is vital to the concept of renovation this aspect ensures that organizations are able to adversely focus on how IT can strengthen the competitive performance of the company. Organization should think of competitive supremacy, not computing influence. The configuration of business and IT strategies    In its fundamental character, the IT can change the critical temperament of a business. IBM has sponsored the important investigation in revolutionary this insight, which emerged out as a work, started in mid-1980s. It used the results in that research as the basic matter for methods applied in its consultant group. The strategic framework entail that strategic alignment model reflects the view that business depends on the harmony of business policy, IT strategy, managerial communications and procedures. The consideration paid to the accord of IT and the company considerably has an effect on the effectiveness of the business. IT has altered the indispensable scenery of numerous industries. Business and IT policy are in alliance when the   business goals are stimulated by the same strategies. Creating strategies and competitive returns are not new concepts, but use of IT to create those rewards quickly is new. IT can be employed to sustain the business in attaining its goals. IT can also distribute aggressive benefit by being a practical supplier to critical task systems. It is important that the company is as fast in applying IT as its competitors. Strategic advantage and competitive advantage can become strategic necessity and competitive requirement when company lags behind its competitors. For example, the airlines which were unable to present fast act in response to the untimely use of on-line stipulation systems established a loosing ground in their business. This in itself entailed a vital challenge to them therefore improvements had to be made to ascertain the effective examination relief to the people on the ground. Innovative skill will maintain offering new chances for competitive advantage and strategic advantage. Strategic alliance is a constant passage of alteration. IT, itself, does not generate importance, but the business processes that utilize the equipment bring about the overall advantage. Strategic alignment is a method for constantly thinking about how to analyze and derive executive path. Even though most companies have a clear business strategy a certain percentage often lacks a rational skill strategy or path for communications and processes. Business objectives must be well supported and inspired by IT strategies and capabilities whether or not the company has applied IT to transform the company is understanding obscurity in construction of strategic use of IT. Methods for transformation In 1992, IBM created the IBM inquiry and consulting Group to bring its know-how to clients trying to change their business. IBM’s consulting performance has used tactical configuration as a fundamental point for creating techniques used in conducting client’s activities. The new systems have been combining the most brilliant of previous skill with innovative advancement. The effect has been managed by means of the symbiosis of current consulting knowledge with changes in the industry. IT strategy and planning methods    The methods that can be applied in order to effectively carry out the changes involve the use of UNIX which is a firs and effective software that enhances massive communication within the organizations. IT strategy and planning are key aspects for an enterprise to venture in the competitive environment. Business module and development tactic compel assessment that determine where and how the enterprise will compete. These pronouncements compel the IT policy and development to maintain the business. Companies should have developed a set of solution business strategies that will position their products or services in the markets in which they want to compete. In addition, they should have considered the managerial structure and all the processes that have to be tackled to carry out the business strategies efficiently. With the implementation of business tactics, business structure, and perceptive of process, the creation of an IT strategy will develop a set of IT program that will offer the venture with a hi-tech advantage in competing. Business transformation methods    Business alteration offers a detailed loom to alter an enterprise in the course of entirety eminence management and manufacturing progress manufacturing for business of all category and sizes. The majority of the businesses are under growing stress to improve business performance. Recuperating the old developments by merely applying IT pay no attention to organizational infrastructure, processes, and performance deficiencies (Morton, 1991). Organizational structure, processes, proficiency, that were generating in a very unusual aggressive surroundings should be assessed for occasions of redefinition prior to technology is practical. The competitive environment will continue to change radically. To keep ahead and handle change most of the businesses have no option but to change their business to advanced status hat will enable competitiveness. Business process re-structuring and total quality management provide methods to meet the challenges. Functional methods    Fast prototyping methods get better the ongoing business progression by capturing the business visualization and rapidly representing the significance of the relevance to the organization. The basic principle is to exploit the current IT communications by letting loose the electronic information that is present today on record and presenting the data as information to create serious business decisions. The IT task should turn out to be more important during the creation of business strategies. Relevance of the strategic configuration structure in categorizing a way of change    It is significant to identify that the assortment of an approach to increase tactic and plans over and over again enforce diverse point of view (Morton, 1991). The managerial team must guarantee that it has selected the right approach. Strategic supervision progression should be viewed as vibrant and uninterrupted. In addition, executives should regularly revise their planning process. The preparation process must constantly adapt to guarantee that over time an effective IT strategy, business strategy and communications process is attained. There entail 3 foremost steps concerned with the application of the strategic framework: categorizing the original field turn around and outlook, therefore fitting the technique to the viewing and establishing the approach to be embraced. Identifying the initial field revolve and outlook In   this concept, the competitive potential ,technology potential, service level and the strategy execution are focused upon in order to come up with a more concrete approach in the execution of this process. Competitive potential The approach focuses on how IT strategy view will be able to reflect how technology influences new business strategies, therefore creating new competitive advantage. This is a management process that considers how IT may be applied to enhance business strategy and that results in the transformation of the organizational infrastructure. Two well documented examples of companies that have exploited the use of IT for competitive advantage are American Hospital Supply (Automated System for Analytical Purchasing-ASAP, an electronic order entry, order tracking and supplies management) and American Airlines, INC. (computerized reservation system).This method is based on Porter’s concept of competitive strategy and value analysis. IT strategy methods are effective for competitive potential entailing a tight link to business transformation. Technology potential Here the focus is on establishing strategic fit for IT .Here IT is used to enable new business strategies. Executives must understand both the technology market as the strengths and weaknesses of their own internal IT infrastructure. Two familiar examples of companies that incorporate technology to assemble the business strategy are Otis Elevator, Inc. and Frito –Lay, Inc.(Product marketing and delivery).There is a tight link to business transformation here and rapid prototyping techniques are very effective (Henderson and Venkatraman 1993). Service level Strategic management is here a process of deciding how to respond to the wants and needs of a customer. Company decisions such as the one Eastman Kodak Company made to subcontract its data centre operations are well-documented results of an enterprise IT domination decision. There is a tight link to the formation of organization architectures and obtaining and putting into practice scientific plans for system management and network management Strategy execution The strategy recognizes the need to look down from the top and recognize the critical areas for the achievement of the business. Development is implementing to sustain those areas. There is not always IT influence the business strategies here. The move toward is smart for the reason that it recognizes that systems must be developed with strong link to the business strategy and that IT strategy is based on future needs. For example, Google search provider. Establishing the direction We must establish the direction for using our strategy. It should be continuously balance between internal and external factors, business, and IT organizations. Historically, IT has been considered a support function (Henderson and Venkatraman 1993).   The enterprise should recognize and exploit the capabilities of IT to positively affect business and competitive forces. Establishing harmony between IT and business policy should be incorporated as a key fraction of organization development for the enterprise. Without the managerial structure and position of interior progression that reveal the interdependence of the business with IT, the enterprise will not be able to apply innovative opportunities available from IT (Henry, 1996). The importance is to make IT an important constituent of the business and the course of action that sustain the business. It is up to every administrator to take advantage of the information and experience accessible as the business go on board towards being sustainable and highly competitive from improved technology. RESUME Leadership in Organizations    Gary YUKL of New York in Albany is a Professor of Management and Leadership at the State University .I would like to use a review of his book as reference for my resume of this study. His book Leadership the Organizations has a specific focus on managerial leadership in large organizations and it shows the importance of a leader for research methods within the company especially through its transformation process ( chapter 7 Gary Yuki†¦) The question of how the power is won or lost, and how much power a leader should have are shown in this book, as well as traits and skills approach. Here we can find the important five personality traits, such as: surgency delicacy agreeableness adjustment intelligence All these traits are very relevant to successful leadership and the most important would be: stress tolerance, self confidence, internal control orientation, emotional maturity and integrity. This shows to us that the human factor is one of the most important and relevant variables that are directly influencing the transition process of change in a company and its further growth. One of the most important and difficult responsibilities of a leader is leading change an aspect that is a major factor in its contribution. Yuki suggests in the end of his book that what is missing are mediating variables necessary to explains leadership functions for enhancing processes and organizational change and effectiveness (Gary 1981). Bibliography Davis and Davidson, (1991) 2020 Vision Transforms Your Business Today to Succeed in Tomorrow’s Economy,Simon Schuster: New York J.C. Gary Yuki, (1981) Leadership in Organizations,. 7: 10- 15 partly refereeing Henderson and Venkatraman V, (1993) Strategic Alignment : Leveraging Information Technology for Transforming Organizations, IBM System Journal 32, No: 1,4-16 ). Henry . P, (1996) Belongings and modernism in the worldwide Information communications network, 996 U. Chi. Legal F. 261 Morton S., (1991) The Business of the 1990’s in embracing I T and executive conversion: Oxford University Press,

Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone :: Antigone essays

The Tragic Hero in Antigone Antigone is a Greek tragic piece that stresses the use of power and morality versus the law written by Sophocles. Both Antigone and Creon, the main characters in the play, could represent the tragic hero. A tragic hero is a character who is known for being dignified and has a flaw that assists to his or her downfall. In my opinion, Creon best qualifies for being the tragic hero and fitting the definition read in the previous sentence. The things he said, did, and the comments that were made by those around him show how a man with everything could lose it all due to his own behavior. To open, the things he said showed how he changed and became the tragic hero of the play. Many of his statements reveal his personality including his admirable parts and his flaws. When Creon says: "I call to God to witness that if I saw my country headed for ruin, I should not be afraid to speak out plainly," (Sophocles, scene 1,24-26), it shows his strong sense of nationalism and leadership which catches up with him in the end. "The inflexible heart breaks first, the toughest iron cracks first, and the wildest horses bend their necks at the pull of the smallest curb" (scene 2,76-79) is what Creon says to Antigone after finding out she is the one who buried Polynieces. He thinks that if Antigone wasn't so headstrong and arrogant then she could have avoided the consequence he was about to give her. I think Creon was being a hypocrite because he is just as stubborn as she is. The reason why Creon and Antigone come in to so much conflict is because their ways of thinking are almost exa ctly alike. "It is hard to deny the heart! But I will do it: I will not fight with destiny" (scene 5, 100), is a statement that shows Creon detecting his fault and how he needs to correct it. After talking to Teiresias, the blind prophet, he realizes in order for the higher powers to forgive him he needs to release Antigone. "Fate has brought all my pride to a thought of dust" (exodos, 138). Creon recognizes his flaw and its consequences but it is too late because fate has already occurred. Moreover, many people say that actions speak louder than words.

Big Brother :: Creative Writing Essays

Big Brother "Wake up!" a stern voice called from above. Her weary eyes slowly began to open. It was absolutely bright, however no windows were visible. Only electric lights running endlessly in parallel lines covered the ceiling of the hall. She was sitting in the very centre; her head crouched between her knees. She was afraid to speak or question where she might be. She could hear footsteps in the distant but could not make out where they were coming from. The burning lights had gradually blinded her eyes. This must be the Ministry of Love she thought. It seemed hours ago that she was thrown violently into this premises and she was starving. She understood why she was here but did not understand how. She participated in sexual acts that were strongly condemned by the Party. The crime would be punished by death, no questions asked. When will they shoot her? She wanted her life to end now. Freedom is to say that humans have two eyes. She will never experience freedom again she pondered. O'Brien entered the hall. She could tell by his distinctive strides. He grabbed her by the hair and began speaking in an authoritative tone, "You are here for committing crimes against the Party's principles. You are thinking why I am not going shoot you. Are you not?"She gave him a look of disgust and purposefully did no answer. "There is no need to be silent," he commanded, pulling her hair even harder. She was not going to allow physical intimidation to force her to speak. "You will have to talk sooner or later. I will help you Julia. You must understand that you desperately need help. What are your feelings towards Big Brother?" he assured her. Silence. She was not going to answer him she had nothing to lose. She knew she was going to die and she wanted to die defiant. "How many eyes do human beings have?" O'Brien asked her. Silence. "You are thinking two. Of course you are. It is unquestionable. However, humans have three eyes, not two. You think this is ridiculous. Look again. Concentrate. Tell me how many eyes to humans have? Look closer," he ordered, giving her a hard kick. Silence. "Before I leave you for the time being, think about these questions: How do you feel about Big Brother and Winston Smith? Remember humans have three eyes. You did see it, did you not?

21st century religious fundamentalism and 20th century European Fascism Essay

Religious fundamentalism is the belief that social and political life should be organized on the basis of what are seen as essential religious principles that are supported by a belief in the literal truth of scared texts.1 Fascism, on the other hand is a totalitarian ideology that centers itself upon the leader and possesses the ‘anti-factor’ whereby it rejects a whole lot of other ideologies such as liberalism and communism. At first glance, there seems to be not much connection between 21st century religious fundamentalism and 20th century European Fascism; however a more detailed comparison between the two ideologies will reveal similarities that caused the former to be viewed by some as the â€Å"new fascism† and differences that made this view irrelevant. In the first half of this paper, I am going to compare and contrast the various similarities and differences between 21st century religious fundamentalism and 20th century European Fascism and then show that to deem religious fundamentalism as a new form of fascism is really unjustified. In the remaining half of the paper, I will make an argument for my belief that 21st century religious fundamentalism should indeed be considered as an ideology and also the basis of its mass appeal. Due to the complexities and varieties of 21st century religious fundamentalism and 20th century fascism, the similarities and differences listed below can be seen as generalizations and thus proven wrong by certain sects of religious fundamentalism or certain style of fascism. However, this is inevitable as this is the only way to compare the similarities and differences between these two complex ideologies. The first similarity between 21st century religious fundamentalism and 20th century European Fascism is the emphasis in both ideologies upon charismatic leadership. Many of the fundamentalists believe in the embodiment of ‘truth’ by their leader who will in turn implement it.2 For instance, in the Catholic faith, the pope is seen as the Vicar of Christ and can do no wrong.3 Furthermore, Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of Islamic Iran was recognized first as Ayatollah (a ‘reflection of Allah’) and then Grand Ayatollah. 4Fascism is based upon the cult of personality built around its leaders and it is effectively crafted to exploit this cult. For instance, Hitler effectively cultivated the Fuhrer cult through Nazi propaganda machine under the expertise of Goebbels and through films such as ‘Triumph of Will’ by Leni Riefenstahl.5 Perhaps fascism’s huge emphasis on charismatic leadership is best embodied by Mussolini’s proclamation, â₠¬Å"Fascism is Mussolinism†¦what would Fascism be, if I had not been?†6 The second similarity between these two ideologies is the intolerance shown by both ideologies upon conflicting elements that goes against their principles. For instance, some sects of religious fundamentalism such as evangelicalism or Islamic fundamentalism exhibits little tolerance for other faiths and in some instances even prosecute and victimize minorities that believes in other faiths in a largely Islamist or Christian country. This intolerance also translates into the belief that religious views can be coercive and religious views ought to have a role in politics thus cementing the power of the religious fundamentalists in their country. This is comparable to the racism and anti-semitism present in European Fascism whereby the proclaimed enemies of the ideologies were shown no mercies and prosecuted and victimized through no faults of their own. The most extreme illustration of this is the holocaust which was brought about systematically by the Nazis. These two similarities certainly contributed to 21st century religious fundamentalism been branded by some as â€Å"the new fascism†. However, the more important contributing factor should be the increasing role that religion is playing in world politics. Judaism has produced its own militant â€Å"nationalist† terrorists; Buddhists show a militant and violent side in their politics in Sri Lanka against Hindu Tamils. 7 A few American evangelists have engaged in murder and violence on the abortion issue.8 Islam-inspired terrorism also received much publicity especially after the 911 attack. Furthermore, religious fundamentalists have tried their best to exert their influence through proper channels of government. For instance, American fundamentalists fielded candidates for elections.9 Thus the increasing influence that religious fundamentalists are trying to exert in politics and the adverse violent happenings that they brought in the 21st century doubtlessly brought echoes of the 20th century European Fascism which brought about not only the 2nd World War but also the holocaust. However, to brand 21st century religious fundamentalism as the ‘new fascism’ is not only incorrect but also unjustified. In the following paragraphs, I will proceed to show the differences between 21st century religious fundamentalism and 20th century European Fascism. 21st century religious fundamentalism does not contain elements of racism, anti-semitism or the belief in the possibility of a master race. It also holds no faith in eugenics. Furthermore, it is also an ideology that does not preach upon imperialism, militarism or world domination. All the above elements are defining attributes of 20th century European Fascism. The mere evidence that religious fundamentalism does not believe in all these attributes made the branding of it as a new form of fascism unjustified. Many religious fundamentalists believe that political power should be subordinated to religious power whereby the Bishop, the Rabbi, or the Ayatollah should be able to make the final decision on social issues.10 The best case scenario for religious fundamentalists would be as in the case of Iran where they actually govern however, compromises are made between religious fundamentalists and secular authorities.11 This belief that political power should be subordinate to religious power is of course the direct opposite of fascism whereby churches (religion) should be subordinate to the state. 21st century religious fundamentalism also possess other aspects in their ideology that is absent in 20th century European Fascism. Some of these attributes are otherworldliness and messianic spirit (where fundamentalists are concerned with the sacred and devote energy only in activities consonant with the words of God), against science (rejecting critical interpretations of the Bible and Darwin’s evolutionary theory), belief in the supernatural, moralism and the subordination of women.12 After showing the differences between 21st century religious fundamentalism and 20th century European Fascism, I will like to conclude that to brand the former as â€Å"new fascism† is not only unfair but incorrect. Next, this paper shall argue for 21st century religious fundamentalism to be accorded its rightful status as an ideology. Before I start defending my belief that religious fundamentalism is an ideology, I will like to provide the definitions of political theory and political philosophy. This is because of the commonly interchangeable usage of ideology, theory and philosophy and thus a clear distinction between the three terms will be helpful to my argument. Political philosophy is defined as a â€Å"disinterested search for the principles of the good state and the good society.†13 Political theory has been defined as â€Å"disinterested search for knowledge of political and social reality.† 14 Thus many scholars claimed that political philosophy is a normative theory while political theory is an empirical theory.15 Political ideology contains both the normative and empirical propositions.16 Thus, I will now start my argument by looking at the characteristics of an ideology and how religious fundamentalism actually fits these characteristics and rejects any suggestions that religious fundamentalism is only a ‘philosophy’ or a ‘theory’. â€Å"Ideologies arise in conditions of crisis and in sections of society to whom the hitherto prevailing outlook has become unacceptable†17 This accounts for the resurgence of religious fundamentalism in the late 20th to 21st century(similar to how European Fascism evolved) where social problems in western countries such as Britain and America have caused evangelicals to organize pressure groups to petition against abortion laws and other problems such as pornography. This further explains the popularity of political Islam in the Middle East as it is the only other viable solution to the secular ideologies propagated by the West. â€Å"An ideology is more than just ideas; it is also actions based upon those ideas.†18 21st century religious fundamentalism can be seen to fulfill this criterion as many examples show this. One example will be the establishment of Iran as an Islamic state and in its latest issue of Iran daily; Iran reiterated that it will still maintain its fundamentalist ways despite pressures from the United States.19 Another example will be Evangelicals forming pressure groups to translate their ideas into actions. â€Å"Ideology includes both empirical and normative elements-empirical assertions that certain conditions exist, and normative assertions that a certain political order is to be preferred.†20 21st century religious fundamentalism does possess this quality and one instance will be how Islamic fundamentalist view the Israel issue where they see Israel as a western creation due to no fault of their own and sought not to recognize the status quo but to take steps to revise it. Another example will be Islamic fundamentalists’ view of the United States role in the Middle East. â€Å"Ideology tends to be exclusive, absolute, and universal.† 2121st century Religious Fundamentalism contains various different sects, for instance, evangelicalism and Islamic fundamentalism and thus could not lay claim to this criterion. However, there are indeed common attributes within religious fundamentalism such as the inerrancy of the â€Å"Written Word† and the subordination of political power. Furthermore, within the different varieties of religious fundamentalism, one can points out that evangelicalism and Islamic fundamentalism is by itself, exclusive, absolute and universal. Lastly, â€Å"Ideologies seek to elicit a response of commitment and obligation on the part of the adherents.† Again, this criterion is easily satisfied by 21st century religious fundamentalism. This can be seen in the 911 suicide bombing of the twin towers by terrorists inspired by Political Islam. To pursue ‘jihad’, Islamic extremists are willing to give up their lives for a greater good. On a more moderate note, ideologies certainly influence evangelicals who try to fight against social laws that their ideology deem inappropriate. After showing the ability of 21st century religious fundamentalism of fulfilling the various criteria of an ideology, I can safely conclude that 21st century religious fundamentalism is an ideology and not a political philosophy or a political theory. In this last part of the paper, I will provide the basis of its mass appeal. The basis of 21st century religious fundamentalism’s mass appeal must be its political vision of the world and the kind of a new society that it can bring to the world. Faced with social problems such as rising crime rates, teenage pregnancy and abortion rates in the Western countries, evangelical activists draw strength from its ideology and attempt to fight all these social problems through the formation of pressure groups pressuring and cajoling the government to make improvements in all realms of lives, from abolishing abortion to anti-pornography laws to religious education in school. These actions by evangelical activists from their perspective can be seen not only as morally rewarding but also efforts made that adhere to their religious beliefs. Political Islam’s appeal in the Middle East can also be attributed to the erosion of traditional values brought about by modernization.22 Furthermore, complicated by the colonial experience, the failure of secular nationalism, the Israel creation and unhealthy US interferences in the region, political Islam remains a very attractive alternative to western ideas.( the reason been that Islam cover all aspects of lives and offer solutions to just about everything) In conclusion, this paper has shown the similarities and the differences between 21st century religious fundamentalism and 20th century European Fascism and also argued that to call religious fundamentalism â€Å"new fascism† is not only incorrect but unjustified. This paper has also argued for 21st century religious fundamentalism to be considered as an ideology through the demonstration of it fulfilling the various criteria of an ideology. Lastly, this paper has provided the writer’s perception for the basis of 21st century religious fundamentalism mass appeal. Bibliography Andrew Heywood, â€Å"Politics†, second edition, palgrave foundations, 2002 Aristotle A. Kallis, â€Å"The Fascism Reader†, first edition, Routledge, 2003 Graham E. Fuller, â€Å"The Future of Political Islam†, palgrave, 2003 J. Christopher Soper, â€Å"Evangelical Christianity in the United States and Great Britain†, Macmillian, 1994 Reo M. Christenson, â€Å"Ideologies and modern politics†, first edition, Fletcher and Son Ltd, 1972 Roy C. Macridis and Mark Hulliung, â€Å"Contemporary Political Ideologies, Movements and Regimes†,sixth edition, HarperCollins College Publishers, 1996 http://www.iran-daily.com/1384/2526/html/ Iran Daily Newspaper copyright,2005, 20/03/06 1 Andrew Heywood, â€Å"Politics†, second edition, palgrave foundations, 2002, p. 63 2 Roy C. Macridis and Mark Hulliung, â€Å"Contemporary Political Ideologies, Movements and Regimes†,sixth edition, HarperCollins College Publishers, 1996, p.233 3 Hulluing, p. 233 4 Hulluing, p. 234 5 Aristotle A. Kallis, â€Å"The Fascism Reader†, first edition, Routledge, 2003, p.294 6 Reo M. Christenson, â€Å"Ideologies and modern politics†. first edition, Fletcher and Son Ltd, 1972, p. 60 7 Graham E. Fuller, â€Å"The Future of Political Islam†, palgrave, 2003 p. 78 8 Fuller, p. 78 9 Fuller, p. 78 10 Hulluing, p. 233 11 Hulluing, p. 233 12 Hulluing, p. 233 13 Christenson, p. 7 14 Christenson, p. 7 15 Christenson, p. 8 16 Christenson, p. 8 17 Christenson, p. 9 18 J. Christopher Soper, â€Å"Evangelical Christianity in the United States and Great Britain†,Macmillian,1994, p.26 19 http://www.iran-daily.com/1384/2526/html/ Iran Daily Newspaper copyright,2005, 20/03/06 20 Christenson, p. 11 21 Christenson, p. 11 22 Fuller, p. 68

Narrative essay writing guide

Narrative essay writing guide Narrative essay Being a kind of expository writing, narrative essay writing is an interesting academic task that gives the writer a chance to think and write about himself, his previous experiences, etc. Indeed, all the people have the experiences that are worth sharing with others. Remember that writing a narrative essay you are telling a story. Usually, such stories are told from the specific point of view, usually the author`s one. Therefore, the reader imagines himself involved in the writer` story. If you want your essay to be a true narrative essay example, you have to apply some efforts. First and foremost, define your topic clearly. Try to pick up something interesting both to you and your target audience. We assure you that your professor can help you to choose the best one out of the hundreds of various narrative essay topics. All you need to do is just to ask him for advice, and he will assist you at every stage of the writing process. Since narrative essays are written mostly about the previous experiences, they are always written in the form of a story. Your main task as the writer is to amuse and involve your reader. Try to fill your story with the interesting details, and we assure you that writing a narrative essay will become a fascinating process. When telling your story, do not forget about its key elements the plot, setting, climax and the main characters. If you do not know how to start a narrative essay, think carefully about all your previous experiences. What episode from your life deserves describing? We assure you that the simple brainstorming process will be particularly effective for successful narrative essay writing. Prior to writing your good narrative essay, feel free to outline its key points and create a simple plan that will facilitate the writing process. A general narrative essay definition says that the main purpose of such type of assignment is to describe something. Therefore, you should concentrate your attention on the content of your essay to the smallest detail. For example, if your task is to provide the narrative report on a book, try to cover all its major aspects. Just tell the story that will impress your audience, and you will achieve the desired result. Indeed, writing narrative essays requires thorough approach since all the writer`s thoughts and ideas should be presented in the logical order. You can search for ideas for a narrative essay everywhere. For example, you can get some inspiring ideas reading a book or observing some event. Finally, there is no specific narrative essay format; however, you should follow the classic five-paragraph structure. Do not be afraid to be creative! Original and authentic writing is the key to your success!

Compare and Contrast the Views on Human and Governmental Nat essays

Compare and Contrast the Views on Human and Governmental Nat essays During the 17th and 18th centuries Europe entered a period of Enlightenment. This period denounced and rejected the Aristotelian view of Scholasticism that still dominated Renaissance Europe, and brought forth a fresh view on the world through rationalization and logic. John Locke (1632-1704) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) both revolutionized human-nature and political thought during this period. Despite the similarity of being pro constitutionalism, their achievements exposed different ideas. In his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Locke explored the function of the human mind. He symbolized birth as a Tabula Rosa (blank tablet), and argued that there existed no innate ideas; all knowledge is derived from direct sensual experiences. He also denied the existence of intrinsic moral norms. He believed moral ideas to be the product of peoples free acts of self-discipline so that conflict in conscience may be avoided and happiness attained. Locke was very religious as well. At no point did he ever try to eradicate the Churchs teachings. In fact, one of his believes was of Deism, the belief that Christian teachings were identical to those of uncorrupted reason. To him, a rational person would always live according to Christian moral precepts. He, however, firmly denied toleration to Catholics and atheists, and sanctified a variety of Protestant sects. While the reign of Charles II, Lock wrote Two Treatises of Government. Here he opposed the argument, given by Sir Robert Filmer and Thomas Hobbs, absolute monarchies. Locke devoted his entire first treatise to refute the idea that kings had a right over their subjects as a father has over his children, set by Sir Filmer in his book Patriarcha. He maintained that both kings and fathers were bound by the law of nature. He stated in his second treatise that the voice of reason teaches that all mankind [is] equal and independent, and that no one ought to harm ...

5 Usage Errors

5 Usage Errors 5 Usage Errors 5 Usage Errors By Mark Nichol Careless or uninformed writers are at risk of using the wrong word for the job. Here are five examples of such mistakes by professional writers, with discussions and corrections: 1. â€Å"The idea that an economically struggling country of 24 million could submit a technically superior country that occupies 3.79 million square miles is preposterous.† This sentence offers two usage errors for the price of one. First, the party that does the submitting is the loser, not the victor; the writer perhaps confused submit with subdue. Second, technically means â€Å"in a technical manner†; the larger country is technologically superior. Here’s the revision: â€Å"The idea that an economically struggling country of 24 million could subdue a technologically superior country that occupies 3.79 million square miles is preposterous.† 2. â€Å"But if you’re awaiting the demise of local housing prices, you may be waiting a long time.† The reader is presumably not waiting for local housing prices to die, but that’s what this sentence says. The writer should have used decline in place of demise (â€Å"But if you’re awaiting the decline of local housing prices, you may be waiting a long time†) or should revise the sentence: â€Å"But if you’re waiting for local housing prices to decrease, you may be waiting a long time.† 3. â€Å"The recovered bodies were kept in rows on the premise of a nearby school.† Premise is almost correct, but the word means â€Å"a proposition or presupposition,† or â€Å"an explanation.† The writer should have used the plural form of the word, which, in addition to referring to more than one of the preceding items, denotes a building or part of a building and, often, the land on which it is located. (This sense derives from the fact that the real estate’s characteristics are explained in the premises of a deed.) The sentence should read, â€Å"The recovered bodies were kept in rows on the premises of a nearby school.† 4. â€Å"He was considered a shoe-in for the position.† This sentence includes a homophonic error in which the erroneous term shoe-in is, with some justification, confused for shoo-in, because writers might believe that the image of wedging one’s shoe between a doorway and a door to ensure entry is reasonably analogous to having an advantage. But the sentence should read, â€Å"He was considered a shoo-in for the position.† 5. â€Å"Eastwood’s conversation with an empty chair on stage begs the question: Will his latest film also be playing to empty seats when it debuts later this month?† The primary error here is the common misuse of the phrase â€Å"beg(s) the question,† which refers to a fallacious argument in which an assumption being argued is used to prove itself (as in, for example, â€Å"It’s very cold because it’s below freezing†), when the writer means simply â€Å"invites the question.† But this slight revision preserves syntax typical in valid begging-the-question arguments. The sentence can simply be restated â€Å"Eastwood’s conversation with an empty chair on stage invites us to ask whether his latest film will also be playing to empty seats when it debuts later this month.† If the original sentence structure is retained, the colon should be omitted a colon brings a sentence to a temporary halt, which is wrong for this sentence format and the question placed in quotation marks to delineate it: â€Å"Eastwood’s conversation with an empty chair on stage begs the question ‘Will his latest film also be playing to empty seats when it debuts later this month?’† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Yiddish Handbook: 40 Words You Should KnowEmail EtiquetteUlterior and Alterior

Safe guarding vulnerable adults Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Safe guarding vulnerable adults - Essay Example However, such resources have complicated literature search, necessitating establishment of sophisticated search strategies. This essay focuses on the literature searching process undertaken to obtain literature for my presentation. The first search strategy applied in the study is the use of well-build clinical questions. In this context, well-built research questions are questions deduced from the research topic such that they respond to key issues that forms the topic (Affuso, Capello, & Fratesi, 2011). My presentation addressed safeguarding vulnerable adults. I used the topic to formulate research questions for the presentation. The main questions considered for the search included: What causes vulnerability among adults? What is the variation in terms of vulnerability across gender and social class? (Thacker, 2011). What is role of the federal government in caring for vulnerable adults? In addition, what are the impacts of pension among vulnerable adults? The four questions were used to locate relevant literature from clinical databases. In each case the journal article or literature, material was selected according to its response to a particular question. For example Antonio, Roberta & Ugo (2011), argues that globalization and liberal social systems contribute to neglect of old people. Thus, the article responds to the second question, which is concerned with vulnerability across different genders and social class. Cooke-Hubley & Maddalena (2011), advocates for counseling and medical support for the elderly and other vulnerable groups. The article provides a precise response to the question concerning the causes of vulnerability among the adult population. Lastly, Payne (2008) analyzes strategies that could be applied to safeguard adults at end life. The article provides a sufficient response to the questions related to the impacts of pension on the elderly population. The second literature search strategy utilizes Key Words. Key words are words and phras es that form the basis of a research question. The key word strategy is the most commonly used strategy particularly when using electronic databases such as BNI, Medline, CINAHL, and ASSIA. Key word defines the boundaries of a particular search and, hence simplifies the search (Harvard, 2007). While using this strategy I used the already constructed research questions (Davies, & Nolan, 2006). Each of the research question was broken down into key words and phrases for easy search. In a particular search operation, key words were combined using Boolean operators to yield required results. Synonyms for key words are also required to facilitate the search. The following key words were developed from the research topic Safeguarding, Conservation, Protection, Defense vulnerable, liable, disposed, prone, subjected, adults, aged, elderly, and weak (Work, 2009). A particular combination of the key words yielded the required resource. Moreover, truncation of words was carried out to facilita te the search. Word truncation involves finding the base of key words. The following words are the basis for key words used in the search safe, conserve, and vuln* The following table provides a sample chart used to explore â€Å"Safeguarding vulnerable adults† using key words. Safeguarding Conservation Protection Defense Vulnerable Liable Disposed Prone Subjected Adults Aged elderly The search can be

Discussion Board 6-1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Discussion Board 6-1 - Assignment Example Simple narration of personal experiences gives counselors a view of the nature of the family and things that precipitate particular problem(s). Certain techniques of Solution-Focused and Narrative Therapies can incorporate with other types of family therapy. To begin, the narrative aspect of Narrative Family Therapy can be compatible with Experiential Family Therapy. This relates to the fact that Experiential Family Therapy focuses on encouraging individual family members to communicate their emotions freely and honestly. Disclosing and sharing emotions enable therapists to understand clients and demonstrate appropriate sympathy. In the same manner, Narrative Therapy focuses on encouraging disclosure of unpleasant experiences, which then eases when therapists sympathize and delink clients from the problems (Nichols, 2013). A therapist can use Narrative Therapy to initiate narration of stories that disclose a client’s experiences and then introduce Experiential Approach to identify negative emotions and guide the client in reducing impacts of the emotions on the health of a family. The fact that Solution-Focused Family Therapy views family problems as results of failed and relaxed attempts to resolve family issues makes it easy to incorporate with Structural Approach that considers problems as maintained by dysfunctional family structures. The goal of Structural Therapists is to alter the dysfunctional systems (Nichols, 2013). The goal of Solution-Focused Therapists is to challenge families to explore alternative solutions to their problems. When incorporated, Structural Approach will help a therapist to alter dysfunctional systems to ease tension(s) and use Solution-Focused Approach to help family members identify alternative solutions to the given

Operation Management Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Operation Management - Article Example The study also aims at the provision of the implications that the study will have on educating  students in preparation for success in the service sector through having a thorough understanding of the important problems faced by the service sector. The data is enough in answering the research question because of the 54 responses with 51 responses fit for use in the study surpassing the 30 items of sample size required in the use of the Q methodology in research. The response rate at 10.3% also fits the marketing response rate acceptable norm of 10-20% depicting the usefulness and ability of the collected information to meet the requirements of the study (Wright & Mechling, 2002). The use of a wide range of service businesses and the presence of a large difference in the characteristics of businesses in terms of size, number of employees, and the management structure provides for the data to be comprehensive making them enough in meeting the needs of the research question. From the survey, the articles presents different operations problems facing service organizations including location, transportation, facility layout, simulating processes and planning, future planning, determining order quantities and inventory monitoring, a nd tangible and intangible factor use in decision making. Other problems are operation with little inventory, continuous improvement, complex project management, monitoring and management of quality provision, decision making with known probabilities, profit maximization, staffing, distribution, and competition action prediction (Wright & Mechling, 2002). The article uses the Q-methodology in the determination of the importance of these problems in service organizations according to the rank of the respondents from a sample of service organizations in the study. The article’s results show that more than one of Schmenner’s service Types

Branding and Marketing of Kooler Refresh Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Branding and Marketing of Kooler Refresh - Essay Example This paper analyzes the branding concept in relation to the launch of a new product and is realized in the development of a soft drink. The product under consideration is Kooler Refresh that is meant to be a competitive drink against the existing products within the U.S. market. With the desire for the market to experiment on newly developed products, Kooler Refresh has been advanced to compete against the established products like Coca-cola and Pepsi that dominate the market share. Brand Positioning Kooler Refresh is a new product to be launched within the U.S. market under the soft drink category to counter the development of a dominant market share by existence products. The product has been based on the need to deliver affordable brand with familiar flavor and quality as compared to the existing brands. The product also seeks to target a defined demographic with the contents within the brand promising added incentive to the consumer. Why Kooler Refresh The soft drink is produced based on the natural fruits as the sole ingredient with the only additive being sugar and glucose. The component comes in variable flavors with the tropical mango, orange and strawberry expected to dominate sales. The new brand targets the demographic that requires valuable taste, health and energy. The target is included in energetic youth and elderly individuals who present the need in delivering satisfactory consumption rate. The product had also been launched based on the principle of affordability after conducting research on the three leading flavors on the demographic. This had been done in three local schools that offered preference to the brand as compared to the other competitors. The leading brands within the market have been in Coca-Cola with Pepsi taking the second position. These brands have utilized the concept of endorsement from celebrity and leading functions in marketing the product. The other paramount position had been realized in the period applied by their mar keters to gain the market share. These brands minimize the prevalence of a new product through promotional campaign and the preference of the customers on a familiar taste of brand. These have been most dominant propositions with customers failing to purchase alternative products at lower products for the recognized brands (Gelder, 2005). However, Kooler Refresh is planning to take advantage of the current market trend. With the catchy phrase that is based on the marketing campaign to promote the healthy product, the competition would be sustained with the realization of the harmful carbonated drinks. The brand targets majority of the customers to be the youth and young energetic children. These are the target that requires added flavor to the drink with positive implications to developing their health. The company also wishes to maximize on generating profit through investing on affordable prices on the established quantities. Kooler Refresh not only rejuvenates the health presenta tion, but also presents a quality taste to be linked to the natural fruit composition that lacks in the competitors drink Moreover, the packaging would be in recyclable material with a uniquely designed ? liter bottle to be used for extended purposes like holding water. Brand Concept The proposed applied strategy to achieve the market position had been in the development of an outstanding brand name. Kooler Refresh is a name that does not share similarity to any other soft drink product in the

Ottoman Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ottoman Empire - Essay Example The Empire was a strong force in the Middle East and it had extended its territories to all the sides. The Byzantine capital, Constantinople fell in the hands of the Ottoman ruler, Mehmed II thus making an end to the Roman Empire. After the fall of Roman Empire in 1453 the Ottoman Empire witnessed a fast extension to far and wide. In the 15th and 16th century the Empire was extended to Europe, Africa, and Asia. It was during the period of the emperor, Suleiman the Magnificent who ruled during the 16th century witnessed the golden age of the Empire. He had made use the agencies like military and government efficiently and further through magnificent administration of both economy and military he could capture many of the places on all sides of his boundary. The Ottoman Empire’s contribution to the world is immense in the fields of art and architect, military, economic measures and administrative reforms. It can be witnessed that the dominance of the Empire in the golden age tur ned to be a defect in the decline period. So, in the present essay, an attempt is made to analyze the areas as, government and administration, military strength and economic power of the Ottoman Empire in golden age and in decline period. ... The sultans ruled the empire by the help of the imperial council headed by the Prime Minister (New Challenges for Africa and the Islamic World 1450-1750, p.476). But, towards the 17th and 18th centuries political changes caused for the decline of the empire. â€Å"The practice of raising the ruler’s sons as indulged prisoners in the palace to prevent rebellions contributed to a long series of uninformed, inexperienced, and often debauched sultans and shahs† (Africa, Southwest Asia, and India in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, Ch.6 p.189-190). The emperor governed the country through different religious communities but these communities later became powerful and so the emperor’s control over them was weakened (Africa, Southwest Asia, and India in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, p.479). Moreover, the Ottoman state was not centralized and so the control of the imperial was difficult. All these factors of loose administration and changes contribut ed for its decline which came in the 18th century. Military Strength: Military strength was the once the major domain of the Ottoman Empire. Until 1600 the weapons used by the Ottomans were the supreme in Europe. â€Å"The Ottomans adopted gunpowder weapons, especially cannons, which were often built and operated by mercenary Hungarian Christians in Ottoman service† (New Challenges for Africa and the Islamic World 1450-1750, p.476). Until 1600 the weapons used by the Ottomans were the supreme in Europe. The navy of the Ottoman led by the Muslim refugees from Spain was very excellent (New Challenges for Africa and the Islamic World 1450-1750, p.476). The Ottoman military during its golden age was very

Branding and Marketing of Kooler Refresh Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Branding and Marketing of Kooler Refresh - Essay Example This paper analyzes the branding concept in relation to the launch of a new product and is realized in the development of a soft drink. The product under consideration is Kooler Refresh that is meant to be a competitive drink against the existing products within the U.S. market. With the desire for the market to experiment on newly developed products, Kooler Refresh has been advanced to compete against the established products like Coca-cola and Pepsi that dominate the market share. Brand Positioning Kooler Refresh is a new product to be launched within the U.S. market under the soft drink category to counter the development of a dominant market share by existence products. The product has been based on the need to deliver affordable brand with familiar flavor and quality as compared to the existing brands. The product also seeks to target a defined demographic with the contents within the brand promising added incentive to the consumer. Why Kooler Refresh The soft drink is produced based on the natural fruits as the sole ingredient with the only additive being sugar and glucose. The component comes in variable flavors with the tropical mango, orange and strawberry expected to dominate sales. The new brand targets the demographic that requires valuable taste, health and energy. The target is included in energetic youth and elderly individuals who present the need in delivering satisfactory consumption rate. The product had also been launched based on the principle of affordability after conducting research on the three leading flavors on the demographic. This had been done in three local schools that offered preference to the brand as compared to the other competitors. The leading brands within the market have been in Coca-Cola with Pepsi taking the second position. These brands have utilized the concept of endorsement from celebrity and leading functions in marketing the product. The other paramount position had been realized in the period applied by their mar keters to gain the market share. These brands minimize the prevalence of a new product through promotional campaign and the preference of the customers on a familiar taste of brand. These have been most dominant propositions with customers failing to purchase alternative products at lower products for the recognized brands (Gelder, 2005). However, Kooler Refresh is planning to take advantage of the current market trend. With the catchy phrase that is based on the marketing campaign to promote the healthy product, the competition would be sustained with the realization of the harmful carbonated drinks. The brand targets majority of the customers to be the youth and young energetic children. These are the target that requires added flavor to the drink with positive implications to developing their health. The company also wishes to maximize on generating profit through investing on affordable prices on the established quantities. Kooler Refresh not only rejuvenates the health presenta tion, but also presents a quality taste to be linked to the natural fruit composition that lacks in the competitors drink Moreover, the packaging would be in recyclable material with a uniquely designed ? liter bottle to be used for extended purposes like holding water. Brand Concept The proposed applied strategy to achieve the market position had been in the development of an outstanding brand name. Kooler Refresh is a name that does not share similarity to any other soft drink product in the

Cin the Aztec Civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cin the Aztec Civilization - Essay Example Much of what has long thought to be true about the long-lost Aztec empire, including their sacrificial rituals involving cannibalistic practices, traces back to the information compiled by a Franciscan monk named Bernardino de Sahagun. Sahagun's work, the Florentine Codex, was a detailed accounting of the cultural beliefs and practices of the Aztec people, designed primarily for the purpose of instructing other Christian missionaries in how best to facilitate the conversion of the indigenous tribes to Christianity. It is certainly interesting, of course, if not necessarily truly ironic that the one of the fundamental doctrines of Catholicism is transubstantiation, or the consumption of bread and wine that has been transformed into the actual flesh and blood of Jesus Christ. An argument can therefore be made that the religious conversion of the Aztecs was ignited in part due to their practices of human sacrifice and cannibalism was instructed by Europeans who themselves practiced a fo rm of cannibalism and whose entire religion is based on the necessity of a human sacrifice. Almost everything that is known about Aztec human sacrifices and cannibalistic practices is, therefore, filt... s have been forwarded to offer an alternative to Sahagun's original observations of Aztec rituals that had been distorted following the original publication due to misinterpretations, exaggeration and the natural human desire to simplify actions one has trouble understanding. Although the Aztec civilization was deemed to be a violent one, the Europeans were themselves no stranger to violence, therefore it was the human sacrifice more than anything else that assaulted their sensibilities. Perhaps s this assault was intensified by the justification and rationale of the natives that it was done in the name of religion. Huitzilopochtli was the Aztec god of the sun, viewed as the source of all life. The Aztecs believed that this source must be kept moving in order to keep it from disappearing forever into the darkness of night and so to accomplish this (Alves 43). The way to accomplish this task had to do with the belief that the sun needed to be nourished with blood; as a result, human sacrifice was a necessary ingredient for prolonging the existence of all humankind. In fact, there is an eschatological element to the ritual in that the Aztecs believed that appeasing their gods not only ensured life, but also staved off chaos. "In most cases, the victim was dressed, painted and ornamented so as to represent the god who was being worshipped; and thus it was the god himself who died before his own image and in his own temple, just as all the gods had accepted death in the first days for the salvation of the world. And when ritual cannibalism was practiced on certain occasions, it was the god's own fl esh that the faithful ate in their bloody communion" (Soustelle 98). Therefore, it was probably not necessarily the idea of consuming a human heart that so perturbed

An Illusion for the Masses Essay Example for Free

An Illusion for the Masses Essay â€Å"Patriotism is the last refuge of the scoundrel.† So said 18th Century British writer Samuel Johnson. One can start to think about patriotism in its many forms but still arrive at the same juncture, it is simply people’s need to align themselves with a larger identity. This larger identity could range from a neighbourhood to a sports team to a nation. Finding security, seeking pleasure, are, in my humble opinion, the most basic of human motives, which patriotism helps indulge. It evokes a sense of belonging, instilling the illusion of safety among a mass. Patriotism in its present form, surely, is a human construct. True, it could be argued that it is derived from the primeval habit of being territorial, but territorialism has never really reached the giddying heights or (depending on how you look at it) the appalling depths of patriotism. What does it mean to be patriotic? Amman Madan, writes in the wake of the immensely violent Godhra riots, â€Å"Today when the burnt heaps in Gujarat are still smouldering, when Ayodhya promises to catch fire any day, it is necessary to examine a central question: what is patriotism? Where do its roots lie?† (Madan, Para 1) The dictionary definition of the term covers all manners of sins devoted love, support, and defence of ones country; national loyalty. With the gross amount of connotations both political and emotional attached to that word, one is bound to be confused whether it is sheer naà ¯vety on the general public’s part or a sizeable chunk of cynicism on mine. After more than 60 years of independence one feels the need to rethink and redefine patriotism, is it a sign of loyalty to the nation or a misused sentiment? In a very direct yet in a seemingly deceptive way, nationalism is by all regards, an illusion. I use the word illusion in relation to patriotism in the literal sense that it is a tool wielded by many a manipulators to influence and corrupt an impressionable mind into doing their bidding. In his seminal lecture â€Å"Is Patriotism a Virtue?† Alasdair Macintyre contrasts patriotism with the liberal commitment to certain universal values and principles. He states that Patriotism is not the idea of loving\fighting for one’s country. It is but simply, â€Å"A loyalty to a particular nation which only those possessing that nationality can have.† He goes on to talk about how â€Å"patriotism is a not a virtue because it is not to judge form an impersonal standpoint. An impersonal standpoint involves judging independently of ones own interests, affections, and social position. In this, one must abstract oneself from particularity and partiality.† In modern times patriotism is often used out of context or in a convolutedly romanticised way. The Jihad, the American â€Å"War on Terror†, the Arab -Israeli conflict, The Indo-Pak conflict and many other current scenarios are an effect of a (usually) misplaced sense of patriotism present in large pockets throughout the organisation, which is again exploited by their respective political heads. While ploughing through pages of information on patriotism online for this paper, I found a rather disconcerting article on a seemingly innocent website titled â€Å"India Parenting†; the article was titled â€Å"Do You Instil Patriotism in Your Children?† It `goes on to say that â€Å"Children have to be told the significance of their country. Otherwise, they are bound to grow up without any special fond feelings for their country. Such discipline helps to shape them into responsible citizens†. However, it fails to state anywhere in the article as to how exactly one is supposed to believe that knowing the national anthem, or the date of independence makes one socially responsible. When looking at patriotism it is especially important to distinguish it from nationalism. India as a â€Å"nation† never existed before August 15, 1947, so the structure of nationalism, as we know it today, began only since. The patriotism that existed pre-independence was one f uelled by a desire to rid India of the British Raj. What composes todays patriotism, with insignia like the National Flag and the National Anthem? Can streams of plastic imitation flags which are soon strewn across the school playground or discarded in dustbins be symbols of India? (Rajagopal,H. Para 3) â€Å"Nothing could be more calamitous than for patriotism to become established with the religion of a country.† (Eastman, Para 1) Written in 1917, these prophetic words were horrifically realized during the Partition of the Sub-Continent. In a couple of months in the summer of 1947, close to a million people were slaughtered on both sides in the religious rioting, all in the name of two distinct nations for different religions. This tumultuous time blurred the line irreversibly between religion and patriotism in the sub -continent, to this day quite a large chunk of religious slurs that are hurled around are essentially contriv ed forms of an â€Å"anti-national† or vice versa. Patriotism, over time has acquired a fair share of critics including Russian novelist and thinker Leo Tolstoy, who is famous to have stated that patriotism: â€Å"..Is stupid because every patriot holds his own country to be the best of all whereas, obviously, only one country can qualify. It is immoral because it enjoins us to promote our countrys interests at the expense of all other countries and by any means, including war, and is thus at odds with the most basic rule of morality, which tells us not to do to others what we would not want them to do to us† I find myself being very sceptical of people, or â€Å"patriots who say they would die for their country, it’s important not to misunderstand me at this juncture, I do not mean to trivialise the millions that have died, but my problem with that statement is a simple one. We humans are, quintessentially, selfish and we constantly seek pleasure or personal gain, so the idea of one’s profound sacrifice for one’s country just for the betterment of one’s â€Å"nation† is a rather sketchy one. There is always that stench of a sneaky ulterior motive behind seeking martyrdom, it could be the promise of 7 virgins waiting in heaven to fulfil one’s fantasies or even just the lure of possible immortality associated with a death, â€Å"Men willingly believe what they wish.†(Caesar, Julius) It is the self- delusion that they indulge themselves in, constantly hiding beneath the broad banner of patriotism is something that doesn’t really work for me. Fundamentally, I’m saying that one needn’t try to fool themselves and others (however romantic it may sound) of their motives, just look at it for what it really is, it is all but just another glorified way to get what you want. The immensely successful (and one might even have the cheek to say patriotic) General George S. Patton, in all his honesty, is famous to have said, â€Å"The object of war is not to die for your country but to make the other bastard die for his.† Bibliography Macintyre, Alasdair. â€Å"Is Patriotism a Virtue?† (The Lindley Lecture), of Kansas. Reprinted in Primoratz (ed.) (2002). Lawrence: University Madan, Amman. â€Å"What is Patriotism?† The Hindu, April (2002): 7 Tolstoy, Leo and â€Å"Patriotism, or Peace?† Society http://www.salsa.net/peace/conv/8weekconv7-3.html. Philadelphia: New India Parenting, â€Å"Do You Instil Patriotism in Your Children?†, 8-03-11 http://www.indiaparenting.com/raisingchildren/253_1357/do-you-instill-patriotism-in-your-children.html Rajagopal, Harini, â€Å"Patriotism: an alternative view† The Hindu Online, September 01, 2001http://www.hinduonnet.com/2001/09/01/stories/13011106.htm 15-03-11 Eastman, Max, â€Å"The Religion of Patriotism†, Marxist, July 1917 http://www.marxists.org/history/etol/writers/eastman/works/1910s/patriot.htm 15-03-01

Infection Control Is A Contentious Issue In Modern Healthcare Nursing Essay

Infection Control Is A Contentious Issue In Modern Healthcare Nursing Essay The aim of this essay is to discuss the importance of infection control. The essay will begin by looking at the prevalence of infection. This will be followed by a discussion of the infection control measures in place to break the chain of infection whilst evaluating the problems of implementing the various techniques in practice. Reference will be made to wide range of literature which will support arguments and demonstrate evidence-based practice. The essay will then conclude and offer recommendation for future practice. With the outbreak of antibiotic resistant infections, infection control is becoming a major concern for health organisations all over the world (Department of Health (DH), 2003). Generally between 4 and 10 % of patients hospitalized in a more economically developed country, such as the United Kingdom (UK), the United States of America (USA) or Australia, develop a hospital associated infection during their time in hospital (DH, 2003). Currently, the DH (2003) estimates that one in ten NHS patients will contract a healthcare association infection whilst staying in an NHS hospital thus giving the UK one of the highest rates of healthcare associated infections in the western world. As well as significantly raising healthcare costs and lengthening hospital stays, it is estimated that hospital associated infections cause 25,000 patient deaths every year (Borton and McCleave, 2000). Although these facts and figures may seem daunting, the situation can be improved by implementing a number o f simple measures to break the chain of infection and prevent hospital associated infections occurring. Huband and Trigg (2000) explain that for a nosocomial (healthcare associated) infection (HAI) to occur there must be a susceptible host, an infectious agent and a means of transmission from the source of the infectious agent to the susceptible host. If any of these components are not present the chain of infection is broken and an infection cannot occur (Mallik et al, 1997). The susceptible host is perhaps the hardest part of the chain to control since patients are generally admitted to hospital as a result of an illness or injury which often leaves them more vulnerable to infection. As well as patients who are immunologically compromised because of illness or injury, there are also patients who are more vulnerable just because of their circumstances. The elderly and the very young (children of a gestational age of less than 32 weeks) are at a high risk because their immune system is not yet fully developed (Huband and Trigg, 2000) and patients undergoing immunosuppressive treatment, or who have an immunosuppressive illness such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), may struggle to fight off infections (Hockenberry et al, 2003). Although this means that there will almost always be a susceptible host present, there is still a lot healthcare professionals can do to protect vulnerable patients. Measures are in place to assess each patient individually to uncover their needs and equip nurses with the correct information to produce a protective care plan. One of the areas in contention, especially in the media is the hygiene practices in hospital and by staff and how they contribute to the problem of HAIs (REF). Nurses actions account for roughly 80 percent of the direct care patients receive and usually involves personal and intimate care activities (REF). As such, the chance of infecting a patient with an avoidable HAI is as high as ten percent and some of the infections will be caused by microbes present on the hands of those providing care (REF). Evidence from a review conducted by Pratt et al (2000) concludes that in outbreak situations contaminated hands are responsible for transmitting infections. This is supported by evidence presented in NICE (2003) infection control guideline. The act of hand hygiene however, is simple but effective against the possibility of cross-contamination between patient-patient or indeed from nurse to patient and vice versa. In a non-randomised controlled trial (NRCT) a hand washing programme was introduced and in the post intervention period respiratory illness fell by 45% (Ryan et al, 2001) A further NRCT, introducing the use of alcohol hand gel to a long term elderly care facility, demonstrated a reduction of 30% in HAI over a period of 34 months when compared to the control unit (Fendler et al, 2002). One descriptive study demonstrated the risk of cross infection resulting from inadequate hand decontamination in patients homes (Gould et al, 2000). Despite these findings and hand hygiene being a simple procedure and the rates of compliance should be high; the evidence points to the contrary (REF). A study conducted by Jenkins (2004) found that even when staff did perform hand hygiene 89% missed some part of their hands.   In a nother study Parini (2004) reported that work pressure reduce opportunities for effectively hand hygiene in between procedures or patient handing. Expert opinion however, is consistent in its assertion that effective hand decontamination which refers to the process for the physical removal of blood, body fluids, and transient microorganisms from the hands, i.e., handwashing, and/or the destruction of microorganisms, i.e., hand antisepsis (Boyce and Pittet, 2002), results in significant reductions in the carriage of potential pathogens on the hands and logically decreases the incidence of preventable HAI leading to a reduction in patient morbidity and mortality (Boyce Pittet, 2002; Infection Control Nurses Association (ICNA), 2002). Therefore, as an infection control measure hands should be washed before and after each patient contact and before every episode of care that involves direct contact with patients skin, their food, invasive devices, following removal of gloves or dressings (iCNA, 2002; NICE, 2003; Jamieson et al, 2002). This may be a full hand wash, using liquid antibacterial soap and water or alcohol rubs (Nicol et al, 2003). A full hand wash should be carried out before placing gloves on the hands; when the hands are visibly soiled; after contact with contaminated materials, e.g. linen; when performing an aseptic technique; before handling food; after using the toilet and before leaving the ward (Parker, 2002). The NHS Quality Improvement Scotland (2003) and NICE (2003) contend for hand washing, to be reliable, it should take about 20 seconds and should follow the standardised hand washing techniques. Both surfaces of the hands should be washed thoroughly, taking particular care of areas that are usually missed, for example, nail beds, back of thumbs and in-between fingers. The hands should be wetted first, the soap applied and used to wash the hands, then with the hands bring rinsed in clean water and thoroughly dried with disposable paper towels (Stewart, 2002). Hot air dryers or re-usable towels should not be used in the clinical setting as studies have shown the increased contamination after drying, or with the hand dryers, the lack of drying (Parker, 2002). The taps should be turned off with elbow or wrist or in the case of normal taps, a paper towel (Clark, 2004). Part of modern day hand hygiene procedures now include alcohol rubs which are in widespread use as they are easily used and are effective in destroying the transient microbes found on the hands. They are usually used between hand washes and require no water or paper towels as the alcohol evaporates very quickly. Myers Parini (2003) explains most contain an emollient to ensure that constant use of the alcohol does not cause skin problems. Alcohol gel rubs however, are not a substitute for hand washing as they are ineffective if used on hands contaminated with body fluids or excreta (Nicol et al, 2003). It also has been shown that without washing the hands regularly when using alcohol rubs causes a build-up of emollient on the hands, which means that the alcohol becomes less effective at killing the transient bacteria (Girou et al, 2002). Kampf and Loffler (2003) showed the use of antimicrobial soap and water along with an alcohol gel sanitizer was the most effective at reducing the n umber of transient microbes, over 99.99 percent, compared with just fewer than 99.0 percent for antimicrobial soap and water alone, and 99.46 percent for just alcohol gel sanitizer. This highlights the fact that the use of only alcohol gel or hand washing alone still leaves a risk of contamination, albeit a negligible one. As part of any infection control measure NICE (2003) recommendations the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by healthcare personnel in primary and community care settings which includes the use of aprons, gowns, gloves, eye protection and facemasks. Under the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (Health and Safety Executive, 2002), all healthcare professionals caring for patients are required to make proper use of PPE provided. Correct use of PPE is a key measure in preventing the spread of infection. ICNA (2002) states disposable aprons and gloves reduce the number of micro-organisms on uniforms, clothing and hands, but do not eliminate them. Gould (2010) contends that disposable gloves and aprons should be worn for all contacts with patients with MRSA, but this according to Bissett (2007) is not an excuse for ineffective washing of hands, as hands should be washed even when gloves have been worn. Gloves cannot be guaranteed 100% impervious (Clark et al 2002 ). Gloves sometimes leak or may tear, especially with prolonged use, and the hands may become contaminated as they are removed (DH 2008). In addition, safe removal of aprons is very important: Aprons must be removed by breaking the ties and rolling the apron inwards to prevent scattering of skin flakes and organisms. Infection control also relates to the clinical environment. Studies have confirmed that large numbers of bacteria are present in the surrounding environment and that symptomatic carriers contribute to the spread of infection (Mutters et al 2009). The isolation of patients with suspected or confirmed infections such as particularly meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) in a side room is strongly recommended (DH, 2007; Health Protection Agency (HPA), 2009). Masterton et al (2003) in a joint UK working group reviewing hospital isolation facilities recognised that although isolation may be requested regularly, it is not always possible. Similarly in a prospective study conducted in a large UK hospital over 12 months, approximately one in five requests for patient isolation was not met for a number of reasons, including lack of facilities (Wigglesworth and Wilcox 2006). Hence where isolation facilities are not available, patients should be cohorted (DH and HPA 2009). Isolating patients conversely has some element of psychological risks, for example anxiety, depression and feeling of loss of choice (Gammon 1998) and is something that the nursing staffs need to be aware of and assess regularly. Specific local infection control guidelines should also be readily available to help support nurses and other healthcare professional carry out effective environmental decontamination. Bacteria can survive on surfaces, so common sense indicates that, if the environment is kept clean, the bacterial load will be reduced (Bissett, 2006). Gould et al (2007) points out that transmission of infections such as MRSA can also take place from environmental reservoirs of the bacteria, including bedpans and urinals contaminated with spores. Hence, patient equipment hygiene is another important aspect of infection control in preventing the risk of spread infection. Although this list is not exhaustive, nurses caring for patients should ensure clean hoists, slings, baths, cot sides, toilet seats, commodes and bed pan holders after each use. Lockers, bed tables and chairs also need regular cleaning. According to WHO (2009) all care equipment must be treated in the same way. NICE (2003) states widely available approved detergent wipes are useful for cleaning and MRSA prevention. Disinfectants are not cleansers, so equipment needs to be cleaned with a detergent first, unless a sanitizer that combines both cleaning and disinfectant properties is available. Local guidelines on clearing up spillages of blood and body fluids should also be followed, remembering to wear aprons, gloves and eye protection (if required) to ensure safety and reduce the risk of infection for the person cleaning up the spillage. Nurses working in both hospitals and community settings should be aware of the growing threat of HCAI such as MRSA and acknowledge the need for universal precautions when nursing patients with this form of infection. Moreover, infection control departments have a clear responsibility to provide staff in clinical areas with information on infection control policies and procedures. It is imperative that all nurses and other healthcare professionals are made aware of the existence of such policies and procedures (NICE, 2003). Registered nurses must be aware that they may be in breach of the NMCs Code of Professional Conduct (2004) specifically clause 1.4: You have a duty of care to your patients and clients, who are entitled to receive safe and competent care. Meaning should a nurse fail to take appropriate precautions when dealing with a patient, for instance disregard for hand hygiene procedures the nurse may be liable for disciplinary procedures by the NMC. This may make nurses more aware of their responsibility with regards to HCAI such as MRSA and infection control. DH (2008) argues staff must take a pro-active rather than a reactive approach to the barriers that they face with implementing infection controls procedures such as hand hygiene. Nurses must ensure that the materials needed are readily available and others can be sourced if the need arises and that their training on infection control is up-to-date (RCN, 2000). In conclusion, MRSA with its antibiotic resistance has become one of the major challenges to the scientists and researchers in the health and medicine sector since the 1990s due to the increase rate of the number of inpatients who have caught infection due to cross infection. It is integral for nurses, other healthcare professional and visitors to follow the various precaution measures set out according to the hospital policies, procedures and guidelines as this will assist in the prevention of the transmission of MRSA.   The high numbers of HCAIs are putting patients lives and well being at risk and it also have significant implication on the NHS finance and resources. For this reason there is a clear need for nurses and other healthcare professionals to work collaboratively to tackle infection such as MRSA if infection rate are to fall.   Improving nurses knowledge of the cycle of infection in MRSA is one step in helping to prevent and control this infection. This may be in the form of education and training on the aspects of infection control, with constant up-dates on the current issues that are supported through evidenced-based practice (NMC, 2008). This will not only improve practice and assist in the appropriate use of resources but will also contribute towards to ensuring HCAIs do not reach epidemic proportions. The barriers to adequate hand hygiene are apparent, these must be overcome to ensure that Hospital Acquired Infections do not reach epidemic proportions, and as a result there are implications to nursing practice that must be met (Simpson, 1997). This may be in the form of education and training on the aspects of infection control, with constant up-dates on the current issues that are supported through evidenced-based practice (RCN, 2004). This will not only improve practice and assist in the appropriate use of resources but will also contribute towards nurses professional profiles for PREP requirements (NMC, 2004). Infection control departments have a clear responsibility to provide staff in clinical areas with information on infection control policies and procedures. It is imperative that clinical staff are made aware of the existence of such policies and procedures (NHS Quality Improvement Scotland, 2004). Registered nurses must be aware that they may be in breach of the NMCs Code of Professional Conduct (2004) specifically clause 1.4: You have a duty of care to your patients and clients, who are entitled to receive safe and competent care. Meaning should they fail to take appropriate precautions when dealing with a patient, for instance disregard for hand hygiene procedures they may be liable for disciplinary procedures by the NMC. This may make nurses more aware of their responsibility with regards to infection control. Staff must take a pro-active rather than a reactive approach to the barriers that they face with hand hygiene. They must ensure that the materials needed are readily available and others can be sourced if the need arises and that their training on infection control is up-to-date. (Scottish Executive, 1998).

General Science Labs Should Be Optional at State University Essay

A student’s main goal is to acquire knowledge and use what they learn to make advances towards the future. Each and every student has his or her own way of learning. Some students learn better by attending lecture and taking notes, while others would learn more by reading a textbook. A reporting on research from Colorado Christian University in 2012 stated that â€Å"stress in college students can affect the ability to concentrate, and there have been studies conducted that prove that stress interferes with a student’s ability to concentrate† (CCU). Students at State University are required to enroll in science labs and this results in many complications. Students at UCR should be given the choice to enroll in labs if they choose to because it will result in less stress and more flexibility when it comes to planning a schedule for the next quarter. Many undergraduate students here at State University will take at least one general science class. A student in the college of Natural and Agricultural Sciences or Bourns College of Engineering will be required to take general biology, chemistry, and physics class along with their respective laboratory class. Each laboratory class last around three hours and the amount of work for a lab is almost as much as taking another three-unit class. The requirement of laboratory classes to enroll in a general science class negatively affects a student’s ability to study for important classes and leads to unnecessary stress. A student’s schedule can quickly fill up when he or she enroll in two science classes, he or she will spend at least six hours a week in a lab and at four hours a week completing the pre-lab and post-lab assignment outside of the laboratory. The student may feel that he or she d... ...ass grade because it will usually negatively affect a student’s grade. Not every student learns the same way, some will learn better in the classroom setting, lab setting, or in the comfort of his or her home. The school should not force a student to enroll in a class that he or she does not need. Students have a limited time to complete their degrees and to learn as much as they can in their field of specialty but required labs may stall this goal. Works Cited "How Stress Affects Adult Students' Concentration." CAGS Blog. (January 12, 2012): n. page. Print. . Hang, Jeffrey. Personal interview. 2 February 2014 "Pre-Medical Student." Sample Course Schedule. University of California San Diego. Web. 11 Feb 2014. . General Science Labs Should Be Optional at State University Essay A student’s main goal is to acquire knowledge and use what they learn to make advances towards the future. Each and every student has his or her own way of learning. Some students learn better by attending lecture and taking notes, while others would learn more by reading a textbook. A reporting on research from Colorado Christian University in 2012 stated that â€Å"stress in college students can affect the ability to concentrate, and there have been studies conducted that prove that stress interferes with a student’s ability to concentrate† (CCU). Students at State University are required to enroll in science labs and this results in many complications. Students at UCR should be given the choice to enroll in labs if they choose to because it will result in less stress and more flexibility when it comes to planning a schedule for the next quarter. Many undergraduate students here at State University will take at least one general science class. A student in the college of Natural and Agricultural Sciences or Bourns College of Engineering will be required to take general biology, chemistry, and physics class along with their respective laboratory class. Each laboratory class last around three hours and the amount of work for a lab is almost as much as taking another three-unit class. The requirement of laboratory classes to enroll in a general science class negatively affects a student’s ability to study for important classes and leads to unnecessary stress. A student’s schedule can quickly fill up when he or she enroll in two science classes, he or she will spend at least six hours a week in a lab and at four hours a week completing the pre-lab and post-lab assignment outside of the laboratory. The student may feel that he or she d... ...ass grade because it will usually negatively affect a student’s grade. Not every student learns the same way, some will learn better in the classroom setting, lab setting, or in the comfort of his or her home. The school should not force a student to enroll in a class that he or she does not need. Students have a limited time to complete their degrees and to learn as much as they can in their field of specialty but required labs may stall this goal. Works Cited "How Stress Affects Adult Students' Concentration." CAGS Blog. (January 12, 2012): n. page. Print. . Hang, Jeffrey. Personal interview. 2 February 2014 "Pre-Medical Student." Sample Course Schedule. University of California San Diego. Web. 11 Feb 2014. .